近日,話題#熬夜熬的是甲狀腺壽命#、#熬夜但睡眠充足傷肝嗎#沖上熱搜,引發不少網友共鳴。大家每天說要早睡,卻不知哪天才能真正實現,直到身體出現不適,影響到健康。
熬夜的危害有多大? 據《生命時報》報道, "你熬的每一次夜,都在消耗甲狀腺壽命。"
熬夜危害極強
熬夜很容易引起內分泌失調,使人體免疫功能出現紊亂,長此以往就會引發各種甲狀腺問題,如 甲亢( hyperthyroidism) 與甲減(hypothyroidism)等。
甲狀腺位于"喉結"下方2到3厘米處,形似蝴蝶,又像兩個"盾甲"。成人的甲狀腺只有20到30克,卻是最大的內分泌腺,把控著各器官、組織的正常運轉,因此被稱作頸部的"命門"。
圖源:視覺中國
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped (or scute-like) gland located in the neck 2-3 centimeters below the Adam's apple. Weighing only 20-30 grams in adults, it is the largest endocrine gland that controls the normal operation of various organs and tissues, hence it is called the "vital gate" of the neck.
甲狀腺不好,對心臟、神經、呼吸、消化、生殖等人體八個功能都會造成不良影響。
更可怕的是,熬夜不論長期短期,只要是不規律作息,患各種病的風險都會大大提升。研究表明,短期睡眠不足會導致"腦霧"(思維不清晰)、視力惡化、駕駛障礙和記憶障礙。長此以往,會導致肥胖、胰島素抵抗和心臟病。
Studies show that such short-term sleep deprivation leads to a foggy brain, worsened vision, impaired driving, and trouble remembering. Long-term effects include obesity, insulin resistance, and heart disease.
《美國心臟協會新聞》(American Heart Association News)的研究表明,熬夜會增加心血管疾病與癌癥的發病率。
睡眠時間少于六小時、且患有高血壓、2型糖尿病患者的中年人群體,死于心臟病或中風的風險會增加。
Middle-aged people with high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease or stroke could be at increased risk for cancer and early death if they get less than six hours of sleep a night.
在這項長達30年的研究中,有心臟病或中風病史的睡眠不足人群死于癌癥的風險增加了三倍。
Sleep-deprived people with a history of heart disease or stroke had three times the increased risk of dying from cancer during the study that spanned three decades.
此外,《科學》 (Science)的一項研究發現,腦脊液在人進入睡眠的過程中,會幫助大腦清除"毒性蛋白質"。而熬夜會影響這個"洗腦"過程,讓大腦的有害廢物難以排出,阿茲海默病的發病風險也會隨之提高。
Studies on animals have shown that the fluid, called CSF, can wash harmful proteins, including those implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, out of the brain. The new results give heft to the idea that a similar power wash happens in sleeping people.
熬夜會"變傻"是真的!
熬過的夜能補回來嗎?
在熬夜變成許多人日常的今天,有人提問:只要在空閑時間把覺"補"回來,保證自己沒有困和累的感覺,就沒關系了吧?
答案是幾乎沒用。睡眠幾乎不能補償或儲存。補覺只能稍微緩解人的疲倦狀態,并不能真正補償優質的深睡眠。長期缺覺會造成精力透支、反應遲鈍、免疫力下降、記憶力低下等問題,而這些靠一兩次補覺,是補不回來的,至少需要幾個月的恢復期。
For the chronically sleep deprived, take it easy for a few months to get back into a natural sleep pattern, says Lawrence J. Epstein, medical director of the Harvard-affiliated Sleep Health Centers. 哈佛大學附屬睡眠健康中心的醫學主任勞倫斯·J·愛潑斯坦表示,對長期睡眠不足的人來說,需要幾個月的放松,才能恢復自然的睡眠模式。
圖源:視覺中國
睡覺的關鍵在于睡眠質量和規律睡眠,而不是單純的延長睡眠時間。一項報道指出,如果白天補太多覺,不但不會得到高質量的睡眠,可能還會適得其反。
For example, 90-minute daily naps are tied to increased risks for stroke, and two-hour daily naps are associated with an increased risk for dementia. 如果每天午睡90分鐘,中風風險增加;每天午休兩小時,癡呆風險加大。
另一項研究顯示,補覺不能消除睡眠不足的影響,不規律睡眠也會擾亂身體節奏,補覺的人仍然要付出健康代價。
周末補覺并不能解決睡眠不足導致的"腰圍"問題
《當代生物學》上的一篇論文表明,在更方便的時間睡覺并不能彌補睡眠缺失。研究人員發現,那些在工作日減少5個小時睡眠,但在周末額外睡眠來彌補的人,仍然要付出代價。
A recent paper in Current Biology shows that our sleep is not very forgiving of being moved around to more convenient times. Researchers found that subjects who cut their sleep down by five hours during the week, but made up for it on the weekend with extra sleep, still paid a cost.
這種代價包括可測量的差異:晚餐后攝入過多的卡路里,減少能量消耗,體重增加,身體使用胰島素的方式發生有害變化。
That cost included measurable differences: excess calorie intake after dinner, reduced energy expenditure, increased weight, and detrimental changes in how the body uses insulin.
圖源:IC
周末補覺使睡眠不足問題看似得到了解決,但實際上周末補覺的受試者與那些在周末沒有補覺、睡眠依然不足的受試者相比,兩者結果十分相似。
Although sleep debt was resolved on paper, the weekend catch-up subjects had similar results (though there were some differences) to those who remained sleep-deprived across a weekend without catch-up sleep.
所以,睡覺過多、過少、不規律,都會對身體造成不良影響。從今晚開始,好好睡覺吧!
編輯:朱迪齊
實習生:鄒怡娜
美國心臟協會 哈佛健康通訊 科學美國人 生命時報 Z世代說等